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The Future of the International Rules-Based Order

A Genuine Framework or a Crumbling Façade for Hard Power?

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Philip Crump
Mar 16, 2025
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gray warship on body of water
Photo by Michael Afonso on Unsplash

The “international rules-based order” (IRBO) is a concept frequently championed by politicians, diplomats and academics as the foundation of contemporary global stability. It is portrayed as a coherent system of norms, treaties, and institutions, such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organisation, and internation…

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